Tseng YC, Hsieh CH, Chen CH, Shen YS, Huang IY, Chen CM.
The application of mini-implants for orthodontic anchorage.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006 Aug;35(8):704-7. Epub 2006 May
Department of Orthodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

The aim of this study was to explore the use of mini-implants for skeletal anchorage, and to assess their stability and the causes of failure. Forty-five mini-implants were used in orthodontic treatment. The diameter of the implants was 2mm, and their lengths were 8, 10, 12 and 14mm. The drill procedure was directly through the cortical bone without any incision or flap operation. Two weeks later, a force of 100-200g was applied by an elastometric chain or NiTi coil spring. Risk factors for the failure of mini-implants were examined statistically using the Chi-square or Fisher exact test as applicable. The average placement time of a mini-implant was about 10-15min. Four mini-implants loosened after orthodontic force loading. The overall success rate was 91.1%. The location of the implant was the significant factor related to failure. In conclusion, the mini-implants are easy to insert for skeletal anchorage and could be successful in the control of tooth movement.